Actually ... the other week, at CERN ... they successfully sent a neutrino faster than the speed of light. Which is mind blowing.
They want to put in more accurate equipment and redo the experiment by 2014 to confirm the results.
http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn20961-fasterthanlight-neutrino-claim-bolstered.html
As for power storage for electricity, one of the biggest recent breakthroughs have been this sort of new wonder material, carbon nano-tubes. They're grown by bonding carbon to itself, effectively making the strongest substance we know of.
All strong substances get their strength from Carbon. But it has a lot of interesting properties, some of which are already being used. The first is, if you grew a lot of these tubes and wove them together, you can make a fabric that's about as heavy as an ultra light loose knit cotton cloth. (where you can see through the fabric and the air can push it around). It's VERY light.
And ... it's stronger than Kevlar. It can stop bullets and knives. The military is having MIT (I think that's where the material originated from) build more to do testing in this realm.
But it does something else that's interesting. It's molecular structure is akin to metals. So, it's actually magnetic too. As a result, it can be turned into a battery. The cool thing is, the molecular bonds are so tiny and tight (which is where it gets its strength) that if you had a carbon nano-tube battery ... you could store about 50 Mega Watts into something the size of 3 or so D batteries.
Which is ... amazing.
The main issue currently is power generation. And even this isn't limited by technology, but rather greed.
We have many solutions, like using Fusion reactors to boil water and push steam turbines MUCH like how nuclear reactors work, but they only produce an 1/8th of the radioactive waste, which is only harmful if swallowed (not just touched) and only has a half life of 12 years ... as opposed to 250. It's also cheaper, safer, and can be used in existing power plants.
Fusion of course is ... the power source of the future. The main issue scientists have is getting the power onto the grid ... fusion, basically, produces plasma ... but turning that into electricity, is nearly impossible. This system solves that. You lose quite a bit of the energy being outputted ... but it's still A LOT more than we current make ... even from nuclear power.
And I don't think we're going to develop a better power source than a miniature sun, regardless if we use pure energy or electricity or whatever.
Ok, so ... another thing .. Silicon ... is not ... exactly ... the processor. The components are put ONTO silicon. The silicon itself is just a piece of board to mount everything. Currently everything is built using various types of transistors.
However, very recently (2009?) a memristor was successfully built and worked ... which people have been trying to do since the 1940s. (Every component has some sort of opposite, the memristor is the resistors opposite)
And ... THAT is a game changer. There's only theory based behind how it could function in a circuit, but it could potentially affect things greatly.
Like the jump from vacuum tubes to transistors. Refacing how technology looks and acts.
It's important to remember that this isn't really ... about size, but efficiency. In terms of size we can already build nano-scale transistors and even nano-scaled engines (literally), those will continue to get smaller, as they get smaller computers will get faster.
A quantum computer works with atoms. The core is not electricity.
Blame it on Microsoft, God does.